Page 740 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

696 SeCTiON iii Rapid Review ` ClassiC labs/FinDinGs Rapid Review ` ClassiC labs/FinDinGs

lab/DiaGnostiC FinDinG DiaGnosis/Disease PaGe
“Delta wave” on ECG, short PR interval, supraventricular Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent 294
tachycardia bypasses AV node)
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH) 298
Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray) Coarctation of the aorta 299
Heart nodules (granulomatous) Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) 312
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on ECG) Cardiac tamponade 310
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis 315
with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-
ANCA/c-ANCA); primary sclerosing cholangitis (MPO-
ANCA/p-ANCA)
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis 1° hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) 349
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with “Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the 343
central clearing thyroid)

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus “Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma) 379
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss) 381
antibodies
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray “String sign” (Crohn disease) 382
“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra) 382
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, 387
mutation of APC gene)
“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) 388
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease) 391
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) 391
“Nutmeg” appearance of liver Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart 392
failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) 1° biliary cholangitis (female, cholestasis, portal 395
hypertension)
Low serum ceruloplasmin Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration; Kayser- 395
Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation)
Migratory thrombophlebitis (leading to migrating DVTs Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or 398
and vasculitis) lung)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional 416
spleen)
Basophilic stippling of RBCs Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia 416
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal 418,
hemoglobin sometimes present) 419
“Hair on end” (“Crew-cut”) appearance on x-ray β-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion) 422
Hypersegmented neutrophils Megaloblastic anemia (B deficiency: neurologic 420
12
symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
Antiplatelet antibodies Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 427
High level of d-dimers DVT, PE, DIC 428
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma) 429
inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

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