Page 743 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

Rapid Review ` ClassiC labs/FinDinGs Rapid Review ` ClassiC/relevant treatments SeCTiON iii 699

lab/DiaGnostiC FinDinG DiaGnosis/Disease PaGe
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in 674
whorled mucous plugs)
“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 675
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR 675
gene  fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis:  chance of lung cancer) 677
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain 685
and cause Horner syndrome)

` ClassiC/relevant treatments

ConDition Common treatment(s) PaGe
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) 72
Chronic hepatitis B or C IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir 121
(HCV)
Streptococcus bovis Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if 137
linked to endocarditis
Clostridium botulinum Antitoxin 138
Clostridium tetani Antitoxin 138
Haemophilus influenzae (B) Amoxicillin ± clavulanate (mucosal infections), 142
ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent 142
C trachomatis)
Neisseria meningitidis Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis) 142
Legionella pneumophila Macrolides (eg, azithromycin) 143

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems 143
Treponema pallidum Penicillin G 147
Chlamydia trachomatis Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), 148
oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in
infants
Candida albicans Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, 153
caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole,
caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)
Cryptococcus neoformans Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, 153
maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
Sporothrix schenckii Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide 154
Pneumocystis jirovecii TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in 154
immunosuppressed patients, CD4 < 200/mm )
3
Toxoplasma gondii Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine 156
Malaria Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for 157
blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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