Page 739 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

Rapid Review ` ClassiC Presentations Rapid Review ` ClassiC labs/FinDinGs SeCTiON iii 695

CliniCal Presentation DiaGnosis/Disease PaGe
Fibrous plaques in tunica albuginea of penis with Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder) 651
abnormal curvature
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia Chronic bronchitis (hyperplasia of mucous cells, “blue 674
bloater”)
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation Emphysema (“pink puffer,” centriacinar [smoking] or 674
panacinar [α -antitrypsin deficiency])
1
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) 676

` ClassiC labs/FinDinGs

lab/DiaGnostiC FinDinG DiaGnosis/Disease PaGe
 AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome 63
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of 117
phagolysosome formation)
Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 117

Optochin sensitivity Sensitive: S pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci 134
(S mutans, S sanguis)
Novobiocin response Sensitive: S epidermidis; resistant: S saprophyticus 134
Bacitracin response Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae 134
(group B)
Streptococcus bovis bacteremia Colon cancer 137
Branching gram ⊕ rods with sulfur granules Actinomyces israelii 139
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli) 140
in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) 142

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells “Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis) 148
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) 158
Atypical lymphocytes EBV 165
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies “Owl eye” appearance of CMV 165
Heterophile antibodies Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) 165
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV) 166
Eosinophilic globule in liver Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents 168
hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
“Steeple” sign on frontal CXR Croup (parainfluenza virus) 170
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of Negri bodies of rabies 171
hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma 177
Psammoma bodies Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, 211
mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the
endometrium and ovary

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