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Non-Malay based DAP DAP DAP Gabungan Parti Sarawak

Changing con guration of ruling and opposition coalitions in Malaysia, 1990–2018

Main opposition Multiethnic Gagasan Rakyat Barisan Alternatif PKR In e ective election pact, led by PKR Pakatan Rakyat Pakatan Harapan

Malay-based Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah In e ective election pact, led by S46 Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah Barisan Alternatif PAS PAS Barisan Nasional PAS

Ruling coalition Multiethnic Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional Barisan Nasional Pakatan Harapan

General election (GE) or period

Table 11.12 1990 (GE8) 1995 (GE9) 1999 (GE10) 2004 (GE11) 2008 (GE12) 2013 (GE13) 2018 (GE14) Post-2018 (GE14)

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