Page 24 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

SEA POWER AND NATIONAL SECU RITY 29

tsunami in Southeast Asia in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in the 2. A. \Vho was the first great \'Vestern strategist?
Gulf region of the United States in 2005.
B. \'Vhat did he postulate aboul the conduct of war?
3. \'Vhat was lvlachiavelli's contribution to strategic thinking?
Future Strategic Trends
4. \Vhat did Karl von Clausewitz emphasize concerning strategy?
~vlllch contemporary thought on the direction that our national
5. \'Vhat are the three classic schools of global strategy?
grand strategy should take in the future focllses on the threat repre-
sented by worldwide violent extremism ilnd terrorism. Some strat- 6. \'Vhat is meilnt by Clauswitz' statement concerning military
egists see the major world contlicts of the pilst one hundred years preparedness ("Woe to the Cabinet. .. ")1
as four distinct world wars. \Vorld \Vars I and II wefe open con- 7. \Vhat are the three principle phases through which U.S. grand
tlicts for world domination resolved by force of arms and national strateg)' hilS evolved?
mobilization of resources by allied nations to achieve victory. \Vorld 8. \'Vhat are the seven key features of modern U.S. strategy
\'Var III was the Cold \'Var, ultimately resolwd not so much by open developed from the Nixon Doctrine?
contlict involving force of arms as by the triumph of one ideology
9. \Vhat are the three principal clements of U.S. national military
(""estern democracy) over another (Soviet-style communism) by strategy?
means of sustained political and economic pressure, while using
10. \Vhat two elements were added to the U.S. maritime strategy
military power for strategic deterrencc and regional contlict resolu-
for the twenty-first century in 200n
tion. \Vorld \'Var IV is the global war against e).1remist violence and
11. According 10 current strategic thought, whal direction should
terrorislll. In contrast to the other I1wjor conflicts that precceded
our national grand strategy take in future years?
it, this war is being waged against adversaries having no finn alle-
giance to any country, about whom little is known, including who 12. \Vhat differentiates "\Vorld \-Var IV" against violent extremism
from the world wars that preceded it?
or where they are, <md what tactics they might lise and when. Their
goal is to wage unending ideological wilffare against us, our allies,
and our way oflife, as opposed to open military contlict. It is there- CRIT ICAL THINKING
fore difficult to bring modern high-tech military forces and weap-
Sir Halford J.lvlacKinder wrote Democratic Tam/s (ilia Reality.
ons to bear against them, as there are few high value fixed targets or
How did Adolf Hitler use ideas from this book for his grand
concentrations of forces to attack.
strategy in \'Vorld \Var II?
Against this enemy the national strategy has to be to defeat
them by a kind of moral wart~lI'e, steadfastl), emphasizing the 2. Review the main themes in the writings of Captain Alfred
humanitarian principles upon which our nation was tounded, Thayer Mahan and Geneml Karl Von Clausewitz. Identi~' the
ideas each had in common about global strategy.
while continuing to challenge at every opportunity the extremist
assertions used to justify their causes and gain credibility and sup- 3. Major Alexander de Seversk)' established the aerospace school
port. The United States and its allies will Ileed to take active lead- of strategy in Air Power: Key to SlIrl'im/. Review several major
ership roles in issues of global concern that extremists can exploit air campaigns of twentieth-century warfare, examine their
outcomes, and show how each either supports or discredits
to their advantage, such as global wMming and development of
de Seversky's theories.
alternative energy sources. \Ve need to better utilize information
warfare capabilities to gain timely intelligence on e).1remist tactics, 4. If the United States is ever able to disengage completely from
Iraq and Afghanistan, what do you think will then be the
operations, intentions, and capabilities. The United States needs to
major threats to our security? \,Vhat should be our strategy to
continue to upgrade its domestic defensive capabilities to coun-
counter them?
ter any future overt or covert terrorist attacks, including our local,
state, and regional civil defense capabilities. Finally, the United
States mllst continue to take a proactive leadership role in world VOCABULARY
events, both for the welfare of our citizens and for the benefit of
humankind. grand strategy coalition
lines of cOlllmunication isolation ism
showing the tlag massive retaliation
tlexible response preenlpti\'e attack
STUDY GU IDE QUESTIONS ideological wart~lre

1. \Vhat name is used to designate the employment of national
power and inOuencc to attail1national security objectives?