Page 27 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

32 NAVAL KNOWI.EDGE

both conventional weapons such as guns or antiship missiles, or
wcapons of milSS destruction. Naval defensive capabilities must
include long-range detection systems such ilS airborne early warn-
ing, quick-reacting command and control s}'stems, and eftective
defensive weapons systems including those designed for defense
against ballistic and cruise missiles.
Logistical independence. Naval forces must be capable of sus-
taining themselves for extended periods of time, and for much
longer periods by underway replenishment by mobile logistic sup-
ply forces. Ships must be able to ride out heavy weather, and to
steaIll long distances without refueling. Overseas bases may be
helpful for sustaining deployed forces during peacetime, but they
l11a}' become a liabilit)1 in time of war.
Command and control. The naval commander must be able to
communicate with and monitor assigned forces through a sys- The ability to project power ashore is one of the Navy's main mis-
sions. This artist's rendition shows h."o land-attack Tomahawk missiles
tem for command <Ind control. This system <lIsa connects forward- being launched from the USS Ohio, a former nuclear ballistic missile
deployed naval forces with one another. the supporting shore submarine now converted to a guided missile submarine.
establishment, forces of other services and nations, <Ind govern-
ment and nongovernment agencies.
in all tactical warfare ,\ll'.lS in order to meet the lllultidimensiol1nl
Modern command and control systems have five subdivisions:
threat posed by our potential enemies.
command. control, communications. computers, and intelligence.
The Navy is tasked with both sea control and power projection
or C41 for short. They include all information s)'stems, equipment,
in all three wart~lre areas. Its tactical warfare tasks are classified as
software •• 1Ild infrastructure that enable the cOlllmander to direct
fil1lnfllllcllfnl and slipportillg tasks. The fundamental wa rfare tasks
assigned torces.
are the following:
The Navy is currently implementing a revolutionary new C41
Air warfare (AW): The destruction of enemy air platforms and
network. \"'hen full)' implemented. it will revolutionize the way
airborne weapons. whether launched from air, surface, sub-
in which naval opemtions are conducted. 13ased on cutting-edge
surface, or land platforms. A\'V includes all the measures used
information and communication technology, the network will
to achieve air superiority.
use a comlllon database instantly accessible from land, sea, and
air to provide real-time access to all intormation required for the Undersea warfare (USW); The destruction or neutralization of
conduct of naval operations. It will link together not onl)' illl u.S. enelllY submarines, mines, and other undersea forces.
operational torces and support activities involved in these opera- Surface warfare (SUW): The destruction or neutralization of
tions, but also an)' allied forces as well. enem), surface combatants and merchant ships. Its ailll is to
Tactical nuclear weapons capability. The Nilvy must be able to dell)' the enemy effective use of its surface warships. support
employ tactical nucleilr we.lpons if confronted with them. Only ships. and cargo-carrying vessels.
with equivalent weapolls capability can the U.S. Navy expect to
Strike warfare: The destruction or neutralization of enelllY tar-
fight and win at sen.
gets ashore through the use of conventional or nuclear weap-
ons. This includes any enelll)' strategic nuclear forces. ship-
Naval Warfare ynrds, and any opefilting bases from which the e11CI11)' might
Inullch an attack ag.,inst United St;:ltes or allied fo rces.
Naval wMfare is conflict in which at least one of the opponents
Amphibious warfare: Attacks laul1ched from the sea by naval
is operating from the sea with surf..1ce ships, submarines, or sea-
forces and landing forces embarked in ships nnd craft
bnsed aircraft. The three corresponding nil\'.,1 wa rfa re areas are
designed to make a landing on a hostile shore. It includes
surface. subsurface, and aerospace. The forces thilt are used in
close 'lir support or shore bombardment in support of troops
these warfare areas ei.lCh have their own chamctcristics, strengths,
in contact with el1cl11Y forces.
and limitations. The art of naval warfare is to employ these forces
in such a Wily as to exploit the strengths and minimize the weak- Mine warfare: The use of mines and mine countermeasures. It
nesses of each. This objective has led to the integrated use of all consists of the control or denial of sea or harbor areas through
three types of forces in mutual support to gain advantage over an the laying of minefields, and the countering of enemy mine
enemy. Moreover. naval forces now ilnd in the future I11l1St be able warfilre through the destruction or neutmlization of hostile
to work together with those of other services and other nations mineficlds.