Page 1083 - Williams Hematology ( PDFDrive )

1058 Part VIII: Monocytes and Macrophages Chapter 67: Structure, Receptors, and Functions of Monocytes and Macrophages 1059

TABLE 67–4. Surface Receptors of Monocytes and Macrophages
Fc Receptors Transferrin and Lactoferrin Receptors
IgG , IgG /IgG , IgG , IgA, IgE Lipoprotein lipid receptors
2a 2b 1 3
Complement receptors Anionic low-density lipoproteins
C3b, C3bi, C5a, C1q PGE , LTB , LTC , PAG
2 4 4
LPS receptors Apolipoproteins B and E (chylomicron remnants, VLDL)
CD14
Cytokine receptors Receptors for coagulants and anticoagulants
MIF, MAF, LIF, CF, MFF, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-18, INF-α, INF-β, INF-γ, Fibrinogen/fibrin
GM-CSF, M-CSF/CSF-1
Coagulation factor VII
Chemokine receptors α -Antithrombin
1
CCR1, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CXCR4, CCR5 Heparin
Macrophage growth factor receptors Integrins (CD11b, CD18)
M-CSF, GM-CSF Fibronectin receptors
Receptors for peptides and small molecules Laminin receptors
Neurokinin-1 Mannosyl, fucosyl, galactosyl residue
H , H ,5-HT α -Macroglobulin-proteinase complex receptors
1 2 2
1,2,5-Dihydroxy vitamin D Toll-like receptors
3
N-formylated peptides TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9
Enkephalins/endorphins Others
Substance P Cholinergic agonists
Hemokinin-1 α -Adrenergic agonists
1
Arg-vasopressin β -Adrenergic agonists
2
Hormone receptors
Insulin
Glucocorticoids
Angiotensin
C, complement; GM, granulocyte macrophage; H , histamine; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; INF, interferon;
1
LIF, leukocyte migration inhibition factor; LT, leukotriene; MAF, macrophage-activating factor; MFF, macrophage fusion factor; MIF, macrophage
inhibitory factor; PAG, platelet-activating factor; PG, prostaglandin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein.
Data from Lewis C, McGee JD: The Macrophage, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, New York, 1992; Fogelman AM, Van Lenten BJ, Warden C,
et al: Macrophage lipoprotein receptors. J Cell Sci Suppl 9:135–149, 1988; Adams DO, Hamilton TA: Phagocytic cells: Cytotoxic activities of mac-
rophages, in Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates, 2nd ed., edited by Gallin JI, Snyderman R, p 471. Raven Press, New York, 1992;
Werb Z, Goldstein I: Phagocytic cells: Chemotactic and effector functions of macrophages and granulocytes, in Basic and Clinical Immunology,
7th ed., edited by Stites D, Terr A, p 96. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT, 1991; Papadimitriou JM, Ashman RB: Macrophages: Current views
on their differentiation, structure, and function. Ultrastruct Pathol 13:343–372, 1989; Gordon S, Perry VH, Rabinowitz S, et al: Plasma membrane
receptors of the mononuclear phagocyte system. J Cell Sci Suppl 9:1–26, 1988; Law SK: C3 receptors on macrophages. J Cell Sci Suppl 9:67–97,
1988. Hume DA, Ross IL, Himes SR, et al: The mononuclear phagocyte system revisited. J Leukoc Biol 72:621–627, 2002.

To illustrate the dynamic interaction of macrophages and virus, a sepsis and in more poorly defined changes associated with intravascular
video showing an HIV-1 infected human macrophage sensing its envi- coagulation and platelet activation. Their phagocytic potential is mainly
ronment was captured from a spinning disk confocal microscope using expressed after adherence to the vascular endothelium. Monocytes are
a 100× objective by Raphael Gaudin (see http://www.cellimagelibrary relatively resistant to virus infection, compared with more differentiated
.org/images/41568#.VAR6eNcDfRo.email). macrophages. These cells selectively adhere to lipid- and platelet-acti-
vated endothelium, a precursor to atherogenesis. Although metabolic,
89
microbial, or environmental stimuli are normally required to induce
FUNCTION monocyte activation, once activated monocytes express a greater poten-
tial for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial functions than resident tissue
Monocytes respond to activating signals, for example, chemokines, macrophages.
through chemokine receptors, setting in motion a series of adhesion and Figure 67–11 schematically shows select surface receptors related
migration events associated with diapedesis. They play a direct role in to monocyte function. These include chemokine recognition, adhesion,
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