Page 67 - Clinical Immunology_ Principles and Practice ( PDFDrive )

52 ParT ONE Principles of Immune Response

ON THE HOrIZON of the innate immune system to human health is underscored
by single gene mutations, such as IRAK4 deficiency, that result
• Better understanding of populations of innate immune cells found in immune deficiencies and infection, particularly in early life.
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within tissues affected by a variety of diseases (e.g., psoriasis, atopic Continued elucidation of the cell types comprising the innate
dermatitis, nasal polyps, tumors) will likely lead to targeted therapies
(e.g., anti–interleukin [IL]-17 for treatment of psoriasis). immune system has expanded our understanding of the delicate
• Knowledge of how individual and combined pattern recognition receptor balance between tolerance to nonpathogenic commensal bacteria
(PRR) activation directs both innate immune activation (including trained and inflammatory responses to pathogenic, invasive microbes.
immunity) as well as differentiation of naïve T cells may inform As innate immunity is expressed in an age-specific manner, a
development of more effective vaccines. better understanding of the ontogeny of the innate immune
• A better understanding of age-specific innate immune function should system, as well as the mechanisms by which innate and adaptive
lead to development of new vaccine strategies to protect vulnerable immunity interact, will guide development of adjuvants, resulting
populations, including newborns, young infants, and older adults.
in more effective vaccines and tumor immunotherapy.
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inflammasome, and the IL-1β-converting enzyme protease- details.
activating factor (IPAF) inflammasome. NLRP recruit ASC
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