Page 361 - 9780077418427.pdf
P. 361
/Users/user-f465/Desktop
tiL12214_ch13_323-350.indd Page 338 9/3/10 6:14 PM user-f465
tiL12214_ch13_323-350.indd Page 338 9/3/10 6:14 PM user-f465 /Users/user-f465/Desktop
92 Kr
1 36
0 n 236 U
92
1 n
0
1
235 U 0 n
92
1 n
0 141
56 Ba
FIGURE 13.14 The fission reaction occurring when a neutron is absorbed by a uranium-235 nucleus. The deformed nucleus splits any
number of ways into lighter nuclei, releasing neutrons in the process.
TABLE 13.6
Fragments and products from nuclear reactors using fission of uranium-235
Isotope Major Mode of Decay Half-Life Isotope Major Mode of Decay Half-Life
Tritium Beta 12.26 years Cerium-144 Beta, gamma 285 days
Carbon-14 Beta 5,730 years Promethium-147 Beta 2.6 years
Argon-41 Beta, gamma 1.83 hours Samarium-151 Beta 90 years
Iron-55 Electron capture 2.7 years Europium-154 Beta, gamma 16 years
Cobalt-58 Beta, gamma 71 days Lead-210 Beta 22 years
Cobalt-60 Beta, gamma 5.26 years Radon-222 Alpha 3.8 days
Nickel-63 Beta 92 years Radium-226 Alpha, gamma 1,620 years
Krypton-85 Beta, gamma 10.76 years Thorium-229 Alpha 7,300 years
Strontium-89 Beta 5.4 days Thorium-230 Alpha 26,000 years
5
Strontium-90 Beta 28 years Uranium-234 Alpha 2.48 × 10 years
8
Yttrium-91 Beta 59 days Uranium-235 Alpha, gamma 7.13 × 10 years
5
9
Zirconium-93 Beta 9.5 × 10 years Uranium-238 Alpha 4.51 × 10 years
6
Zirconium-95 Beta, gamma 65 days Neptunium-237 Alpha 2.14 × 10 years
Niobium-95 Beta, gamma 35 days Plutonium-238 Alpha 89 years
5
Technetium-99 Beta 2.1 × 10 years Plutonium-239 Alpha 24,360 years
Ruthenium-106 Beta 1 year Plutonium-240 Alpha 6,760 years
7
Iodine-129 Beta 1.6 × 10 years Plutonium-241 Beta 13 years
Iodine-131 Beta, gamma 8 days Plutonium-242 Alpha 3.79 × 105 years
Xenon-133 Beta, gamma 5.27 days Americium-241 Alpha 458 years
Cesium-134 Beta, gamma 2.1 years Americium-243 Alpha 7,650 years
6
Cesium-135 Beta 2 × 10 years Curium-242 Alpha 163 days
Cesium-137 Beta 30 years Curium-244 Alpha 18 years
Cerium-141 Beta 32.5 days
338 CHAPTER 13 Nuclear Reactions 13-16
