Page 566 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

532 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

1.0
...-- :r Ax
� L
0.9 v
/

0.8 v
\I

0.7
'I
i 0.6

0 \
::j'
"s.. 0.5
s \
lo-I
0 \
i 0.4
a: ""� Flame geometry
in still air
0.3 <, and lateral wind
r-,

0.2

0.1

0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3

Ratio :r (Uco/Uj)
U� = lateral wind velocity.
U1 = exit gas velocity from stack.

Figure 7-74. Approximate flame distortion due to lateral wind on jet velocity from flare stack. Reprinted by permission, American Petroleum
Institute, API RP-521, Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressuring Systems, 3rd Ed., Nov. 1990 [33].

7
b <,
"'-...
\ -,
' <;

I� ._.THRESHOLD OF PAIN """ 'r-, �
.............. SAFE LIMIT - -
I'-. -- 440 BTU/(HR.l(Ft)2
I
I I I l -�
10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60
EXPOSURE TIME ,SEC. ESCAPE TIME, SEC.
Figure 7-75. Heat radiation intensity vs. exposure time for bare skin Figure 7-76. Maximum radiation intensity vs. escape time based on
at the threshold of pain. By permission, Kent, Hydrocarbon Pro- 5 seconds reaction time. By permission, Kent, Hydrocarbon Pro-
cessing, V. 43, No. 8 (1964), p. 121 (60]. cessing, V. 43, No. 8 (1964), p. 121 (60].