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538        SecTioN iii    Neurology aNd Special SeNSeS  ` neurology—oPhthAlmology                                                               Neurology aNd Special SeNSeS  ` neurology—oPhthAlmology





               Central retinal artery   Acute, painless monocular vision loss. Retina cloudy with attenuated vessels and “cherry-red” spot
               occlusion               at fovea (center of macula)  A . Evaluate for embolic source (eg, carotid artery atherosclerosis,
                                       cardiac vegetations, patent foramen ovale).
               A













               Retinitis pigmentosa  Inherited progressive retinal degeneration. Nyctalopia (night blindness) Ž peripheral vision loss.
                                       Bone spicule-shaped deposits  A .
               A












               Papilledema           Optic disc swelling (usually bilateral) due to  ICP (eg, 2° to mass effect). Enlarged blind spot and
                                       elevated optic disc with blurred margins  A .
               A












               Leukocoria            Loss (whitening) of the red reflex. Important causes in children include retinoblastoma  A ,

               A                      congenital cataract, toxocariasis.


































          FAS1_2019_12-Neurol.indd   538                                                                                11/8/19   7:39 AM
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