Page 517 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

Applied Process Design 483

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Figure 7·41. Typical individual flame arresters for tank or pipe
mounting where conservation breathing vents may or may not be
required, sizes 2 inc!H>O inch. By permission, Groth Equipment Co.,
Tank Protection Division.

Detonation explosions are similar to combustion explo-
sions and are exothermic reactions that proceed into the
unreacted material at a velocity much greater than the
speed of sound in an unreacted material and are accom-
panied by a flame front shock wave in the material fol-
lowed closely by a combustion wave that releases the ener-
gy and sustains the shock wave at extremely high pressure
[39) [ 40). In hydrocarbons, the velocity can reach
6,000-9,000 ft/sec.
A detonation generates much greater pressure and is
therefore more destructive than a deflagration. For exam-