Page 746 - 9780077418427.pdf

Volume/207/MHDQ243/tiL12214_disk1of1/0073512214/tiL12214_pagefile
tiL12214_ndx_701-715.indd Page 707 09/10/10 11:40 AM user-f463
tiL12214_ndx_701-715.indd Page 707 09/10/10 11:40 AM user-f463 Volume/207/MHDQ243/tiL12214_disk1of1/0073512214/tiL12214_pagefiles

Health. See Cancer; Human body; Medicine; Safety Humus, 506 Inertia
Hearing, and sound waves, 122, 123 Hurricanes, 549, 577–79 defined, 25
Heat. See also Specific heat; Temperature; Hutton, James, 478, 494, 529 horizontal motion, 34, 35
Thermodynamics Huygens, Christian, 189, 191 law of, 41
caloric theory of, 107 Huygens spacecraft, 388 mass and weight, 5, 43
defined, 85, 93 Hydration, 280, 505 work and energy, 69, 70
energy and molecular theory, 98–103 Hydrocarbons, See also Fossil fuels; Petroleum Inertial confinement, of nuclear waste, 345
energy transfer, 93–94 air pollution, 267 Infrared laser, 131
flow, 85, 96–98, 99 combustion and balanced equations, 259 Infrared radiation, 71, 243
kinetic molecular theory, 86–88 defined, 300–302 Infrasonic sound, 122
measurement, 85, 94 derivatives of, 299, 307–11 Initial velocity, 31
mechanical equivalent of, 76 Hydrochloric acid, 285, 286, 289, 290, 513 Inner transition elements, 219
temperature, 92–93 Hydrogen Inorganic chemistry, 300
Heat death, of universe, 107 alkali elements, 216 Inorganic compound, 300
Heat engine, 104, 105, 106 alternative energy sources, 80 In phase, and waves, 126
Heat of formation, 234 atomic weight, 207 Insoluble substances, 279
Heat of fusion, 279 covalent compounds, 237, 238 Instantaneous speed, 27
Heat islands, and weather, 573, 584, 585 electron configuration, 215 Insulation, and heat flow, 96, 97
Heat pump, 105, 106 electron dot notation, 218 Insulators, electrical, 142–43
Heat radiation, 71, 243 electronegativity, 239 Insulin, 312
Heat of vaporization, 279 energy level diagram, 210 Intangible objects, 2
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 214 ion, 235 Intensity, of sound wave, 127
Heliocentric model, of solar system, 396–99 isotopes, 326 Interference, of waves, 126–27, 189–90
Heliostats, 78 mass number, 207 Interference pattern, 190
Helium, 123, 215, 218 radius of atom, 627, 628 Interglacial warming period, 587
Hemoglobin, 312 reducing agents, 260 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 589
Henry, Joseph, 161 replacement reactions, 261, 262 Intermediate-focus earthquakes, 485
Heptane, 303, 306, 307 speed of sound in, 123 Intermittent stream, 599
Herodotus, 522 valence, 244 Internal energy, 92, 93, 104, 106
Hertz (Hz), 117 water molecules, 277 Internal potential energy, 99
Hertz, Heinrich, 197 Hydrogen bonding, 278 Internal restoring force, 116
Hertzsprung, Ejnar, 358 Hydrogen carbonate, 236 International Astronomical Union (IAU), 378, 398
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, 351, 358 Hydrogen chloride, 237, 284–85, 288 International date line, 416–17, 418
Hess, Harry, 469 Hydrogen peroxide, 253, 281–82 International System of Units (SI), 5, 333
Hexane, 302, 303, 307 Hydrogen sulfate, 236 Intertropical convergence zone, 552
Hexyl group, 307 Hydrogen sulfide, 490 Intrusive igneous rocks, 442, 492
High-density polyethylene (HDPE), 316 Hydrologic cycle, 544, 566, 567, 598–99 Inverse, and equations, 623
High humidity, 554 Hydronium ion, 284–85, 288, 289 Inverse proportion, 10, 42
High latitudes, 413, 580, 581 Hydropower, 74, 76–77 Inverse square, 11
High-level nuclear waste, 344, 345 Hydrostatics, 544 Inversion, of atmospheric temperature, 547
High-pressure weather systems, 572, 574, 575 Hydroxide(s), 437, 631 Invert sugar, 312
High-quality energy, 106 Hydroxide ion, 236, 241, 289 Investigations, scientific, 14–16
Himalayan Mountains, 466, 489 Hyperopia, 186 Io (Jupiter), 386
Hipparchus, 355 Hypochlorite, 236, 241 Iodide, 631
Historical geology, 522, 535 Hypothalamus, 90 Iodine, 235, 330, 334, 337, 338
Hogback, of volcano, 492 Hypothesis, 14–15 Ion(s). See also Ionic bonds; Ionic compounds
Hole-in-the-wall sun calendar, 415 chemical bonds, 232–33
Holmes, Mary, 20 I electric charges, 141
Holmes, W. H., 514 Ice. See also Sea ice mineral-forming processes, 440
Holmium, 219 precipitation, 569 names of variable-charge ions, 241
Holocene epoch, 532 refraction of light, 185 noble gases, 218
Honesty, and scientific ethics, 16 specific heat, 96 polyatomic ions, 236
Hooke, Robert, 385 Ice ages, 587, 589, 616 of representative elements, 235
Horizontal displacement, of land, 487 Ice-crystal process, and precipitation, 569 of transition elements, 236
Horizontal motion, 34 Iceland, and plate tectonics, 464 Ion exchanger, and water softening, 291–92
Horizontal projectiles, 38–39, 40 Igneous rocks, 433, 441–43, 462 Ion exchange reactions, 262–63
Hornblende, 436, 438 Immiscible fluids, 279 Ionic bonds
Horsepower, 65, 66 Impact force, 48 compounds and formulas, 235–36
Horst, 483 Impulse, 48 defined, 229, 233, 234
Hot air balloons, 258 Incandescent light, 178, 180 electronegativity, 239
Hot dry rock, 79 Incident ray, 182, 183 energy and electrons in, 234–35
Hot water, and geothermal energy, 79 Inclination, of Earth’s axis, 408. See also Milankovitch Ionic compounds, 235–36, 241–42, 252, 280
Household chemistry, 267, 311 cycles Ionization, 284
Household circuits, 168–70 Inclined plane, 64–65 Ionization counter, 331
Hubble, Edwin, 132, 358, 364, 365–66, 367 Incoherent motion, 106 Ionosphere, 547
Hubble’s law, 358, 365 Index fossils, 528, 531 Ion-polar molecule force, 280
Hubble Space Telescope, 362, 365, 393 Index of refraction, 185 Iridium, 337
Huggins, William, 132 Indian Ocean, 464, 489, 607 Iris, of eye, 186, 187
Human body. See also Ear and eardrum; Eye; Medicine; India Plate, 488 Iron
Safety Indicated operations, in equations, 623, 624 atomic weight, 207
fossilized from Bronze Age, 524 Indirect solar gain, 101 conduction rate, 97
radiation exposure, 333, 334 Indium, 337 density, 9
temperature, 90, 92 Indonesia, and tsunami of 2004, 488–89. See also Tambora electrical conductors, 143
windchill factor, 550 Induction, and static electricity, 142 electron configuration, 221
Humidity, 554–55, 583–84 Industrial heating, 79 ions, 236, 241
I-7 Index 707